top of page

Earthquake source physics

A significant portion of our research is dedicated to understanding earthquake source processes. We investigate the fundamental physics that govern the initiation, propagation, and termination of earthquake ruptures. Our work delves into the complex dynamics of fault slip, the conditions that lead to nucleation, and the factors influencing the transition from slow slip to rapid seismic rupture. Also, we study the conditions that dictate the transition from sub-sonic to intersonic (supershear) earthquake ruptures, a phenomenon where rupture velocities exceed the shear wave speed of the surrounding material. Supershear earthquakes, though less common, can generate more intense ground shaking and are crucial for understanding the full spectrum of seismic hazards.
Additionally, we are also very interested in understanding how fault slip evolves on geometrically complex faults zones over long time scales, e.g. centuries or millennia. 

Screenshot 2024-12-27 at 7.15.28 PM.png

Fluid-driven crack(s) and induced-seismicity

The injection of fluids into the subsurface is a common practice in many geo-engineering technologies, such as deep geothermal energy extraction, carbon sequestration, and wastewater injection. The alteration of local effective normal stress at depth associated with locally elevated pore-pressure can lead to nucleation and propagation of fluid-driven cracks. Depending on various factors, these cracks can evolve in a stable (aseismic) manner or transition into an unstable propagation, potentially triggering seismic events, commonly referred to as induced seismicity.

Our research aims to understand the complex interplay between fluid injection, pore-pressure changes, and the mechanical response of geological formations. Notably, we study the conditions under which fluid-driven cracks remain stable or lead to seismic ruptures. We focus on identifying critical parameters, such as injection rates, fluid properties, and the pre-existing stress state of the rock, that influence the likelihood of induced seismicity.

Screenshot 2024-12-27 at 11.18.59 AM.png

Numerical modelling and scientific computing

When analytical solutions are not feasible, we leverage numerical methods and scientific computing. In most cases, we develop in-house numerical codes to efficiently solve complex coupled geo-mechanical problems. Our expertise lies in Boundary Element Methods, utilizing boundary integral equations in space-time or spectral domains to accurately model localized deformations on geological discontinuities. Depending on the specific problem, we employ quasi-static, quasi-dynamic, or fully-dynamic formulations. Additionally, we use Finite Volume Methods to model fluid flow within fractures. We have developed a range of numerical algorithms designed to efficiently solve coupled hydro-mechanical problems, employing both implicit and explicit time-integration schemes.

Screenshot 2024-12-27 at 6.32.58 PM.png

Interested in joining
GEOFORCE Group?

We are always looking for highly skilled and motivated new collaborators to join our group.

Prospective graduate students are invited to enroll for CEE graduate program at NU (Geotechnics and Geotechnical Engineering) - see for more details: https://www.tgs.northwestern.edu/admission/ 

 

If you are interested in joining our group as a postdoctoral researcher, please email

federico.ciardo@northwestern.edu

with your Curriculum Vitae, a statement explaining why you want to join our group, names and contact information of at least 2 references, and a journal article that best represents your research.  

2145 Sheridan Road - Tech A114,

Evanston, IL 60208-3109 - USA

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

© 2025

bottom of page